SQL Server Basics: Understanding Stored Procedures for Beginners

 

A popular question in SQL Server interviews is: “What is the difference between stored procedures, views, and functions?” Whether you’re applying as a Data Analyst, SQL Developer, or Database Engineer, this is a must-know concept. In this blog, we’ll explore the differences, use cases, and examples in simple terms to help you answer confidently in interviews.

 

What is a Stored Procedure?

A stored procedure is a SQL object used to store one or more SQL queries. It can include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and even DDL commands. Think of it like a container that holds business logic—like transferring money from one account to another.

Key Benefits:

• Reusable: Write once, run many times.
• Faster Execution: Pre-compiled by SQL Server.
• Supports Parameters: Accepts user input during execution.

Syntax Example:

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_ReportByCountry @Country VARCHAR(50)

AS

BEGIN

  SELECT * FROM Employee WHERE Emp_Country = @Country

END

To run it:

EXEC sp_ReportByCountry ‘USA’

What is a Function?

A function in SQL Server is used for dynamic data reporting. It supports parameters and always returns a value—often in the form of a table or scalar (single value).

Use Case:

Return all employees from a given country:

CREATE FUNCTION fn_EmployeesByCountry (@Country VARCHAR(50))

RETURNS TABLE

AS

RETURN (

  SELECT * FROM Employee WHERE Emp_Country = @Country

)

Functions allow further filtering:

SELECT * FROM fn_EmployeesByCountry(‘India’)

WHERE EmpID > 100 ORDER BY Emp_Salary DESC

What is a View?

A view stores a SELECT query for reporting. Unlike functions, views do not accept parameters and are useful for static reports like “Employees in Canada” or “Top 10 Customers”.

Syntax:

CREATE VIEW vw_CanadianEmployees AS

SELECT * FROM Employee WHERE Emp_Country = ‘Canada’

Use it like a table:

SELECT * FROM vw_CanadianEmployees

Key Differences

Feature	View	Function	Procedure
Parameters	❌	✅	✅
Supports DML	❌	❌	✅
Flexibility	Basic	High	Very High
Use Case	Static reports	Dynamic reports	Complex logic like transactions

How to View Code:

To see the definition of any view, function, or procedure, use:

EXEC sp_helptext ‘object_name’

For flexible reporting, use functions. For static queries, go with views. For business logic and full control, choose stored procedures. Mastering these will help you tackle any SQL interview confidently.

🎯 Want to master SQL Server Programming with real-time examples and hands-on labs?

Join SQL School – India’s most trusted platform for learning SQL Server, T-SQL, and Data Engineering!

✅ 100% Practical Training with Projects
✅ Learn Stored Procedures, Views, and Functions
✅ Real-time Interview Preparation and Support

📞 Call now at +91 96666 40801 or visit 👉 SQL School for a FREE demo session!

SQL School – Your Real-Time Guide to SQL Server Excellence.